{"id":333,"date":"2024-01-16T14:18:41","date_gmt":"2024-01-16T13:18:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pecqueurmotorists.com\/?p=333"},"modified":"2024-11-14T13:58:04","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T12:58:04","slug":"pecqueurmotorists-distilling-performance-from-complexity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pecqueurmotorists.com\/en\/pecqueurmotorists-distilling-performance-from-complexity\/","title":{"rendered":"PECQUEURMOTORISTS: DISTILLING PERFORMANCE FROM COMPLEXITY"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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By Hubert de Haro\u200b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Very little is known about On\u00e9siphore Pecqueur (1792-1852). As well as being a child of the French Revolution and heir to the spirit of the Enlightenment, he was also a mechanical genius. While head of the workshop for the Conservatoire des arts et m\u00e9tiers (Conservatory of Arts and Crafts) in Paris, he developed a gear mechanism known as the differential that is still used in countless industrial applications today. He is such a fascinating historical figure that an entrepreneur, supported by a team of watch industry professionals, is launching a club named the \u201cPecqueur Motorists\u201d, whose access code and emblem will be a timepiece.
But what do we know about Pecqueur the inventor? How did his discoveries mark his era and contribute to the march of progress?
Is the \u201cPecqueur spirit\u201d still relevant today?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Two centuries have passed since Ferdinand Berthoud (1727-1807) published his Histoire de la Mesure du Temps par les horloges (History of the Measurement of Time by Clocks), and yet it could have been written yesterday. In clear and accessible language, the first great watchmaking encyclopaedia begins by dividing the conquest of the measurement of time into nine \u201cepochs\u201d, the first of which is \u201cthe invention of toothed wheels\u201d. Their genesis is attributed to a Greek mathematician, Ctesibius (285-222 BC), who lived in Ptolemaic Egypt and perfected the clepsydra by cleverly adding gears. His contemporary Archimedes (287-212 BC) was said to have developed a \u201cmoving sphere\u201d; a claim corroborated in 1901 when a mysterious ancient mechanism was discovered in the waters off the coast of the Greek island of Antikythera, that could predict the positions of the stars. Over time, wheels and gears became more complex, developing into a substantial repertoire from which watchmakers could draw to make their wildest visions a reality: astronomical clocks, acoustical complications and marine chronometers. \u201cOf all the Arts that are related to Mathematics, that of Horology is one that most excites the curiosity of the learned, for it is among the most beautiful and the most useful,\u201d wrote master watchmaker Thiout l\u2019A\u00een\u00e9 (1694-1767) in 1741.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consecration<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

On 25 August 1823, the ground floor of the Palais du Louvre opened its doors to the fifth Exposition des Produits de l’Industrie Fran\u00e7aise. Never since the exhibition\u2019s creation in 1798 had France seen so many industrial exhibitors, modest artisans and inventors gathered together in one place. The scale of this unprecedented event was mind-boggling: 1,762 companies, categorised by sector of activity, were accommodated in 52 rooms. Curious visitors could discover the very latest \u201cheating and lighting\u201d apparatus (room 13), \u201cleathers and skins\u201d (room 17), \u201cmusical instruments\u201d (room 18), \u201csilks, hosiery and millinery\u201d (rooms 31 to 33), \u201cjewellery, marquetry, cutlery, arms\u201d (rooms 36 to 38) and \u201cglassware and crystal\u201d (room 3). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In room 35, devoted to \u201cfine and ornamental horology\u201d, exhibitor number 1093, the young On\u00e9siphore Pecqueur, exhibited his wares alongside Antide Janvier (no. 1619), L\u00e9pine (no. 1574), Perrelet (no. 1598) and Rieussec. The latter presented a watch of his own invention which, the jury noted, \u201che calls a chronograph\u201d. Pecqueur would have to wait until 1824 to learn the results of the exhibition. The outcome was everything he could have wished for: the jury agreed to award him the highest distinction in his category, the gold medal. His competitors had to be content with silver (the Berthoud brothers) and bronze (Rieussec). As well as rewarding the watchmaker\u2019s achievement, the medal also anticipated the many industrial applications that \u201cMonsieur Pecqueur\u2019s gears\u201d were to have. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOne can posit numerous benefits in correcting irregularities in the speed of a steam engine, a waterwheel, in distributing any resistance between two engines according to predetermined proportions; in sum, in solving a host of mechanical problems, the resolution of which is of direct interest to the industrial arts.\u201d Pecqueur himself provided triumphant proof of this during the exhibition. He unveiled several concrete applications that connected gears to steam power, the new energy source that was to be the cornerstone of the nascent industrial revolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quo vadis, On\u00e9siphore Pecqueur?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A watchmaker is thus as much a mathematician as he is a physicist, a chemist and, of course, a mechanic. Throughout his life, On\u00e9siphore Pecqueur was the living proof of that. But very little is known about the circumstances of his life. He was born on a modest farm in the Amiens region of France, in the first year of the new revolutionary calendar. Legend has it that he was a precocious student, completing his horological apprenticeship in Paris in just a few months, rather than the generally required four years. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1818 his name appeared on the rolls of the French Academy of Sciences. While there he proposed an ingenious mechanical solution for solving any equation involving two prime numbers, including numbers greater than six figures. This clear proof of talent aroused the interest of a number of academicians. As he awaited the Academy\u2019s final approval of his \u201cmechanical equation\u201d, he took part in the Exposition des Produits de l\u2019Industrie Fran\u00e7aise (Exhibition of Products of French Industry) of 1819 with a clock that displayed both sidereal time and mean time. The jury, which included one Abraham-Louis Breguet (1747-1823) awarded him a silver medal for inventing a gear that \u201cmaintains both communicating movements at acceptable rates of speed\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although at first glance it seems banal, this discovery was to have far-reaching repercussions, well beyond the horological sphere. \u201cBy means of this artifice, the number of seconds that the sidereal clock gains or loses over sidereal time is exactly equal to the number of seconds that, at the same instant, the mean clock gains or loses over mean time.\u201d In other words, once the clock is correctly adjusted to one time (sidereal or mean), the other time can immediately be obtained. Basking in the recognition of his peers, the young On\u00e9siphore, who was now running the workshops of the National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts in Paris, published a book explaining precisely how his clock worked. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have no records of how this work was received. Nevertheless, Pecqueur clearly had no intention of stopping at just one invention. It\u2019s easy to imagine him at the Conservatoire, dreaming up new inventions and drawing inspiration from the wide array of mechanisms he restored every day. And that was why he decided to participate in the next Exposition, in 1823.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pecqueur, an automotive engineer before his time<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s one of the ironies of history (of which there are many) that the name of this genius inventor has fallen completely into oblivion. But it is about to be revived, thanks to the ambition of Patrick Bornhauser, founder and chairman of the BPM Group, which employs some 2000 staff over 110 sites, and operates in the motor vehicle distribution sector. The great-grandson of Joachim Bornhauser, who was the official watchmaker of the Swiss town of Saint Gallen, Patrick Bornhauser has nurtured a lifelong fascination for all the disciplines that rely on the mechanical arts: fine watchmaking of course, but also cars, motorcycles, aviation and motor boats. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

His tribute to Pecqueur began with the creation of a GMT watch equipped with a Pecqueur differential, in a tiered construction, which will be officially unveiled alongside Watches & Wonders in March 2023. Under the aegis of the BPM Exclusive division, this limited-edition watch will become the access code and emblem of the future \u201cPecqueur Motorists\u201d club, whose motto \u201cMechanical Arts in Motion\u201d perfectly captures the Pecqueur spirit. More details will be forthcoming in January 2023, with the next episode of the Pecqueur saga!<\/p>\n\n\n

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1828: On\u00e9siphore Pecqueur devised a mechanism that regulates the driving forces by allowing both wheels on the same axle to turn at different speeds. This was the invention of the differential.
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The rebirth of the Pecqueur spirit<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s one of the ironies of history (of which there are many) that the name of this genius inventor has fallen completely into oblivion. But it is about to be revived, thanks to the ambition of Patrick Bornhauser, founder and chairman of the BPM Group, which employs some 2000 staff over 110 sites, and operates in the motor vehicle distribution sector. The great-grandson of Joachim Bornhauser, who was the official watchmaker of the Swiss town of Saint Gallen, Patrick Bornhauser has nurtured a lifelong fascination for all the disciplines that rely on the mechanical arts: fine watchmaking of course, but also cars, motorcycles, aviation and motor boats. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

His tribute to Pecqueur began with the creation of a GMT watch equipped with a Pecqueur differential, in a tiered construction, which will be officially unveiled alongside Watches & Wonders in March 2023. Under the aegis of the BPM Exclusive division, this limited-edition watch will become the access code and emblem of the future \u201cPecqueur Motorists\u201d club, whose motto \u201cMechanical Arts in Motion\u201d perfectly captures the Pecqueur spirit. More details will be forthcoming in January 2023, with the next episode of the Pecqueur saga!<\/p>\n\n\n

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A descendant of a Swiss watchmaker, now at the head of a leading independent motor vehicle distribution group, Patrick Bornhauser pays tribute to the genius of On\u00e9siphore Pecqueur through this project, which also marks the birth of a club dedicated to enthusiasts of fine mechanics.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Hubert de Haro\u200b Very little is known about On\u00e9siphore Pecqueur (1792-1852). As well as being a child of the French Revolution and heir to the spirit of the Enlightenment, he was also a mechanical genius. While head of the workshop for the Conservatoire des arts et m\u00e9tiers (Conservatory of Arts and Crafts) in Paris, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":205,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-333","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-newsletter-en","category-non-classifiee"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPECQUEURMOTORISTS: DISTILLING PERFORMANCE FROM COMPLEXITY - Pecqueur Motorists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pecqueurmotorists.com\/en\/pecqueurmotorists-distilling-performance-from-complexity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PECQUEURMOTORISTS: DISTILLING PERFORMANCE FROM COMPLEXITY - Pecqueur Motorists\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Hubert de Haro\u200b Very little is known about On\u00e9siphore Pecqueur (1792-1852). 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